Particles are short words that follow other words — and show how those words relate to the rest of the sentence.

In modern Japanese, particles are usually grouped into four major types:

• 格かく助じょ詞し（Case Particles） – like が, を, に – showing how nouns relate to verbs or other nouns.
• 接せつ続ぞく助じょ詞し（Connecting Particles) – like から or けど – connecting one clause to another.（食たべてから 寝ねます。）
• 副ふく助じょ詞し（Focus Particles）– like は, も, だけ – adding emphasis or nuance.
• 終助詞しゅうじょし（Final Particles）– like ね or よ – often found at the end of a sentence, showing the speaker’s attitude.

These are the four main groups we’ll cover in this lesson series.

After this, we’ll explore each type, one by one — with examples and voice guidance.

It may sound a little complicated at first, but don’t worry — we’ll go step by step, with plenty of examples to make things clear.

Let’s begin the journey into Japanese particles — one type at a time.