”格助詞かくじょし – marks grammatical roles”

Case particles show how a noun fits into the sentence — who does what, when, and where. Conjunctive particles connect nouns to describe things like possession or origin.

You’ll see both types often — and learning them helps you build more natural Japanese expressions.

These particles give structure to Japanese sentences by attaching to nouns. They help show who does the action, what receives it, and when or where it happens.

  • が — marks the subject (who or what does the action)
  • を — marks the object (what the action is done to)
  • に — marks a destination, goal, or time
  • で — marks the place where an action happens

Example Sentences

  • 犬いぬが走はしります。
    The dog runs.
  • パンを食たべます。
    I eat bread.
  • 学校がっこうに行いきます。
    I go to school.
  • 図書館としょかんで勉強べんきょうします。
    I study at the library.

These particles link one noun to another to express:

  • の — shows possession or description
    （庭にわの花はな = a flower in the garden）
  • と — links two nouns together
    （山田やまださんと田中たなかさん = Yamada and Tanaka）
  • から — marks the starting point of time or movement
    （10時じゅうじから = from 10 o’clock）
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