• 五穀ごこく — the five grains (rice, wheat, millet, beans, etc.)
• 雑穀ざっこく — mixed grains; minor cereals
• 脱穀だっこく — threshing (grain)
• 穀物こくもつ — grains; cereals
• 穀倉こくそう — granary
• 穀類こくるい — types of grain

The character 穀 combines 禾 (grain) with 殳 (tool/strike), evoking the processing of grain. Over time, it came to refer broadly to staple crops.

It appears in agricultural, historical, and nutritional contexts, from harvest terms to food security discussions.

五穀ごこくは 日本にほんの 伝統的でんとうてきな 作物さくもつです。
The five grains are traditional crops in Japan.

雑穀ざっこくは 健康けんこうに 良よいと 言いわれています。
Mixed grains are said to be good for your health.